http3

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README

HTTP3

QUIC 协议

QUIC（读作“quick”）是一个通用的传输层网络协议，最初由Google的Jim Roskind设计。该协议于2012年实现并部署，2013年随着实验范围的扩大而公开发布，并向IETF描述。虽然长期处于互联网草案阶段，但从Chrome浏览器至Google服务器的连接中超过一半的连接都使用了QUIC。Microsoft Edge、Firefox都已支持此协议；Safari实现了QUIC，但默认情况下没有启用。QUIC于RFC9000中被正式标准化。

虽然QUIC的名称最初是“快速UDP互联网连接”（Fast UDP Internet Connection）的首字母缩写，但IETF指定的标准中QUIC并不是任何内容的缩写。QUIC提高了目前使用TCP的面向连接的网络应用的性能。它通过使用用户数据报协议（UDP）在两个端点之间创建若干个多路连接来实现这一目标，其目的是为了在网络层淘汰TCP，以满足许多应用的需求，因此该协议偶尔也会获得 “TCP/2”的昵称。

QUIC与HTTP/2的多路复用连接协同工作，允许多个数据流独立到达所有端点，因此不受涉及其他数据流的丢包影响。相反，HTTP/2创建在传输控制协议（TCP）上，如果任何一个TCP数据包延迟或丢失，所有多路数据流都会遭受队头阻塞延迟。

QUIC的次要目标包括降低连接和传输时延，以及每个方向的带宽估计以避免拥塞。它还将拥塞控制算法移到了两个端点的用户空间，而不是内核空间，据称这将使这些算法得到更快的改进。此外，该协议还可以扩展前向纠错（FEC），以进一步提高预期错误时的性能，这被视为协议演进的下一步。

2015年6月，QUIC规范的互联网草案提交给IETF进行标准化。2016年，成立了QUIC工作组。2018年10月，IETF的HTTP工作组和QUIC工作组共同决定将QUIC上的HTTP映射称为 "HTTP/3"，以提前使其成为全球标准。2021年5月IETF公布RFC9000，QUIC规范推出了标准化版本。

HTTP3

HTTP/3是第三个主要版本的HTTP协议。与其前任HTTP/1.1和HTTP/2不同，在HTTP/3中，将弃用TCP协议，改为使用基于UDP协议的QUIC协议实现。

此变化主要为了解决HTTP/2中存在的队头阻塞问题。由于HTTP/2在单个TCP连接上使用了多路复用，受到TCP拥塞控制的影响，少量的丢包就可能导致整个TCP连接上的所有流被阻塞。

QUIC（快速UDP网络连接）是一种实验性的网络传输协议，由Google开发，该协议旨在使网页传输更快。在2018年10月28日的邮件列表讨论中，互联网工程任务组（IETF） HTTP和QUIC工作组主席Mark Nottingham提出了将HTTP-over-QUIC更名为HTTP/3的正式请求，以“明确地将其标识为HTTP语义的另一个绑定……使人们理解它与QUIC的不同”，并在最终确定并发布草案后，将QUIC工作组继承到HTTP工作组。在随后的几天讨论中，Mark Nottingham的提议得到了IETF成员的接受，他们在2018年11月给出了官方批准，认可HTTP-over-QUIC成为HTTP/3。

2019年9月，HTTP/3支持已添加到Cloudflare和Google Chrome（Canary build）。Firefox Nightly在2019年秋季之后添加支持。

2022年6月6日，IETF正式标准化HTTP/3为RFC9114。

参考资料

Documentation

Index

Constants

View Source 
const (
	KindHTTP3 = "http3"
)

Variables

This section is empty.

Functions

func LogDebug added in v1.2.23 

func LogDebug(args ...interface{})

func LogDebugf added in v1.2.23 

func LogDebugf(format string, args ...interface{})

func LogError added in v1.2.23 

func LogError(args ...interface{})

func LogErrorf added in v1.2.23 

func LogErrorf(format string, args ...interface{})

func LogFatal added in v1.2.23 

func LogFatal(args ...interface{})

func LogFatalf added in v1.2.23 

func LogFatalf(format string, args ...interface{})

func LogInfo added in v1.2.23 

func LogInfo(args ...interface{})

func LogInfof added in v1.2.23 

func LogInfof(format string, args ...interface{})

func LogWarn added in v1.2.23 

func LogWarn(args ...interface{})

func LogWarnf added in v1.2.23 

func LogWarnf(format string, args ...interface{})

func SetOperation 

func SetOperation(ctx context.Context, op string)

SetOperation sets the transport operation.

Types

type Context 

type Context interface {
	context.Context
	Vars() url.Values
	Query() url.Values
	Form() url.Values
	Header() http.Header
	Request() *http.Request
	Response() http.ResponseWriter
	Middleware(middleware.Handler) middleware.Handler
	Bind(interface{}) error
	BindVars(interface{}) error
	BindQuery(interface{}) error
	BindForm(interface{}) error
	Returns(interface{}, error) error
	Result(int, interface{}) error
	JSON(int, interface{}) error
	XML(int, interface{}) error
	String(int, string) error
	Blob(int, string, []byte) error
	Stream(int, string, io.Reader) error
	Reset(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request)
}

Context is an HTTP Context.

type HandlerFunc 

type HandlerFunc func(Context) error

HandlerFunc defines a function to serve HTTP requests.

type Router 

type Router struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Router is an HTTP router.

func (*Router) CONNECT 

func (r *Router) CONNECT(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...kHttp.FilterFunc)

CONNECT registers a new CONNECT route for a path with matching handler in the router.

func (*Router) DELETE 

func (r *Router) DELETE(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...kHttp.FilterFunc)

DELETE registers a new DELETE route for a path with matching handler in the router.

func (*Router) GET 

func (r *Router) GET(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...kHttp.FilterFunc)

GET registers a new GET route for a path with matching handler in the router.

func (*Router) Group 

func (r *Router) Group(prefix string, filters ...kHttp.FilterFunc) *Router

Group returns a new router group.

func (*Router) HEAD 

func (r *Router) HEAD(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...kHttp.FilterFunc)

HEAD registers a new HEAD route for a path with matching handler in the router.

func (*Router) Handle 

func (r *Router) Handle(method, relativePath string, h HandlerFunc, filters ...kHttp.FilterFunc)

Handle registers a new route with a matcher for the URL path and method.

func (*Router) OPTIONS 

func (r *Router) OPTIONS(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...kHttp.FilterFunc)

OPTIONS registers a new OPTIONS route for a path with matching handler in the router.

func (*Router) PATCH 

func (r *Router) PATCH(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...kHttp.FilterFunc)

PATCH registers a new PATCH route for a path with matching handler in the router.

func (*Router) POST 

func (r *Router) POST(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...kHttp.FilterFunc)

POST registers a new POST route for a path with matching handler in the router.

func (*Router) PUT 

func (r *Router) PUT(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...kHttp.FilterFunc)

PUT registers a new PUT route for a path with matching handler in the router.

func (*Router) TRACE 

func (r *Router) TRACE(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...kHttp.FilterFunc)

TRACE registers a new TRACE route for a path with matching handler in the router.

type Server 

type Server struct {
	*http3.Server
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

func NewServer 

func NewServer(opts ...ServerOption) *Server

func (*Server) Endpoint 

func (s *Server) Endpoint() (*url.URL, error)

func (*Server) Handle 

func (s *Server) Handle(path string, h http.Handler)

func (*Server) HandleFunc 

func (s *Server) HandleFunc(path string, h http.HandlerFunc)

func (*Server) HandleHeader 

func (s *Server) HandleHeader(key, val string, h http.HandlerFunc)

func (*Server) HandlePrefix 

func (s *Server) HandlePrefix(prefix string, h http.Handler)

func (*Server) Route 

func (s *Server) Route(prefix string, filters ...kHttp.FilterFunc) *Router

func (*Server) ServeHTTP 

func (s *Server) ServeHTTP(res http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request)

func (*Server) Start 

func (s *Server) Start(_ context.Context) error

func (*Server) Stop 

func (s *Server) Stop(_ context.Context) error

type ServerOption 

type ServerOption func(*Server)

func WithAddress 

func WithAddress(addr string) ServerOption

func WithErrorEncoder 

func WithErrorEncoder(en kHttp.EncodeErrorFunc) ServerOption

func WithFilter 

func WithFilter(filters ...kHttp.FilterFunc) ServerOption

func WithMiddleware 

func WithMiddleware(m ...middleware.Middleware) ServerOption

func WithRequestDecoder 

func WithRequestDecoder(dec kHttp.DecodeRequestFunc) ServerOption

func WithResponseEncoder 

func WithResponseEncoder(en kHttp.EncodeResponseFunc) ServerOption

func WithStrictSlash 

func WithStrictSlash(strictSlash bool) ServerOption

func WithTLSConfig 

func WithTLSConfig(c *tls.Config) ServerOption

func WithTimeout 

func WithTimeout(timeout time.Duration) ServerOption

type Transport 

type Transport struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Transport is an HTTP3 transport.

func (*Transport) Endpoint 

func (tr *Transport) Endpoint() string

Endpoint returns the transport endpoint.

func (*Transport) Kind 

func (tr *Transport) Kind() kratosTransport.Kind

Kind returns the transport kind.

func (*Transport) Operation 

func (tr *Transport) Operation() string

Operation returns the transport operation.

func (*Transport) PathTemplate 

func (tr *Transport) PathTemplate() string

PathTemplate returns the http path template.

func (*Transport) ReplyHeader 

func (tr *Transport) ReplyHeader() kratosTransport.Header

ReplyHeader returns the reply header.

func (*Transport) Request 

func (tr *Transport) Request() *http.Request

Request returns the HTTP request.

func (*Transport) RequestHeader 

func (tr *Transport) RequestHeader() kratosTransport.Header

RequestHeader returns the request header.

type Transporter 

type Transporter interface {
	kratosTransport.Transporter
	Request() *http.Request
	PathTemplate() string
}

Transporter is http Transporter

Source Files

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